Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Click here for more information

SAGETRACK

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (1)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Romans, S.
Right arrow Articles by Hyman, I.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Romans, S.
Right arrow Articles by Hyman, I.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Who Is Most at Risk for Intimate Partner Violence?

A Canadian Population-Based Study

Sarah Romans

University of Toronto, Canada

Tonia Forte

University of Toronto, Canada

Marsha M. Cohen

University of Toronto, Canada

Janice Du Mont

University of Toronto, Canada

Ilene Hyman

University of Toronto, Canada

Whole population studies on intimate partner violence (IPV) have given contradictory information about prevalence and risk factors, especially concerning gender. The authors examined the 1999 Canadian General Social Survey data for gender patterns of physical, sexual, emotional, or financial IPV from a current or ex-partner. More women (8.6%) than men (7.0%, p = .001) reported partner physical abuse in general, physical IPV causing physical injury (p < .0001), sexual abuse (1.7% vs. 0.2%, p < .0001), and financial abuse (4.1% vs. 1.6%, p < .0001). There were no gender differences for partner emotional abuse. Significant risk factors after multivariate modeling for physical/sexual IPV were younger age, being divorced/separated or single, having children in the household, and poor self-rated physical health. These findings from a large, randomly generated data set further refine our understanding of the risk profile for IPV in the developed world.

Key Words: domestic violence • spouse abuse • intimate partner violence • risk factor • gender

References

  • Archer, J. (2000). Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 126(5), 651-680.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Archer, J., & Haigh, A. (1999). Sex differences in beliefs about aggression: Opponent's sex and the form of aggression. British Journal of Social Psychology, 38(Pt. 1), 71-84.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Baldry, A.C. (2003). "Stick and stones hurt my bones but his glance and words hurt more": The impact of psychological abuse and physical violence by current and former partners on battered women in Italy. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2(1), 47-57.
  • Barger, S.D. (2002). The Marlowe-Crowne affair: Short forms, psychometric structure, and social desirability. Journal of Personality Assessment, 79(2), 286-305.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Belknap, J., & Melton, H. (2005). Are heterosexual men also victims of intimate partner abuse? Retrieved July 17, 2007, from http://www.vawnet.org/DomesticViolence/Research/VAWnetDocs/AR_MaleVictims.pdf
  • Berrios, D.C., & Grady, D. (1991). Domestic violence. Risk factors and outcomes. Western Journal of Medicine, 155(2), 133-135.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Brownridge, D.A. (2003). Male partner violence against Aboriginal women in Canada: An empirical analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18(1), 65-83.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Brownridge, D.A., & Halli, S.S. (2002). Double jeopardy? Violence against immigrant women in Canada. Violence and Victims, 17(4), 455-471.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Brownridge, D.A., & Halli, S.S. (2003). Double advantage? Violence against Canadian migrant women from "developed" nations. International Migration, 41(1), 29-46.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Bunge, P. (2000). Family violence in Canada: A statistical profile. Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics.
  • Campbell, J.C. (2002). Health consequences of intimate partner violence. Lancet, 359(9314), 1331-1336.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Campbell, J.C., & Lewandowski, L.A. (1997). Mental and physical health effects of intimate partner violence on women and children. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 20(2), 353-374.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ( 2000a). Intimate partner violence among men and women—South Carolina, 1998. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 49(30), 691-694.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ( 2000b). Intimate partner violence fact sheet. International Journal of Trauma Nursing, 6(2), 66-68.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Clark, J.P., & Du Mont, J. (2003). Intimate partner violence and health. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 94(1), 52-58.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Classen, C.C., Palesh, O.G., & Aggarwal, R. (2005). Sexual revictimization: A review of the empirical literature. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 6(2), 103-129.[Abstract]
  • Coker, A.L., Smith, P.H., Bethea, L., King, M.R., & McKeown, R.E. (2000). Physical health consequences of physical and psychological intimate partner violence. Archives of Family Medicine, 9(5), 451-457.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Dal Grande, E., Hickling, J., Taylor, A., & Woollacott, T. (2003). Domestic violence in South Australia: A population survey of males and females. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 27(5), 543-550.
  • Das Dasgupta, S. (2001). Towards an understanding of women's use of non-lethal violence in intimate heterosexual relationships. Retrieved November 13, 2005, from http://www.vawnet.org/DomesticViolence/Research/VAWnetDocs/AR_womviol.pdf
  • Dearwater, S.R., Coben, J.H., Campbell, J.C., Nah, G., Glass, N., McLoughlin, E., et al. (1998). Prevalence of intimate partner abuse in women treated at community hospital emergency departments. Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(5), 433-438.[CrossRef]
  • Dube, S.R., Anda, R.F., Felitti, V.J., Edwards, V.J., & Williamson, D.F. (2002). Exposure to abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction among adults who witnessed intimate partner violence as children: Implications for health and social services. Violence and Victims, 17(1), 3-17.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Elliott, D.S., Huizinga, D., & Morse, B.J. (1985). The dynamics of delinquent behavior: A national survey progress report. Boulder, CO: Institute of Behavioral Sciences.
  • Else, L.T., Wonderlich, S.A., Beatty, W.W., Christie, D.W., & Staton, R.D. (1993). Personality characteristics of men who physically abuse women. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 44(1), 54-58.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Field, C.A., & Caetano, R. (2005). Intimate partner violence in the U.S. general population: Progress and future directions. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(4), 463-469.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Golding, J.M., Stein, J.A., Siegel, J.M., Burnam, M.A., & Sorenson, S.B. (1988). Sexual assault history and use of health and mental services. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16(3), 625-644.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Harwell, T.S., & Spence, M.R. (2000). Population surveillance for physical violence among adult men and women, Montana 1998. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 19(4), 321-324.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Headey, B., Scott, D., & de Vaus, D. (1999). Domestic violence in Australia: Are men and women equally violent? Australian Social Monitor, 2(3), 57-62.
  • Jewkes, R., Levin, J., & Penn-Kekana, L. (2002). Risk factors for domestic violence: Findings from a South African cross-sectional study. Social Science & Medicine, 55(9), 1603-1617.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Johnson, M.P. (1995). Patriarchal terrorism and common couple violence: Two forms of violence against women. Journal of Marriage and Family, 57, 283-294.[CrossRef]
  • Johnson, M.P., & Ferraro, K.J. (2000). Research on domestic violence in the 1990s: Making distinctions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62, 948-963.[CrossRef]
  • Kimmel, M.S. (2002). "Gender symmetry" in domestic violence: A substantive and methodological research review. Violence Against Women, 8(11), 1332-1363.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Krosnick, J.A. (1999). Survey research. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 537-567.
  • Krug, E.G., Dahlberg, L.L., Mercy, J.A., Zwi, A.B., & Lozano, R. (2002). World report on violence and health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
  • Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J. (2005). Top 10 greatest "hits": Important findings and future directions for intimate partner violence research. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(1), 108-118.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Langley, J., Martin, J., & Nada-raja, S. (1997). Physical assault among 21-year-olds by partners. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12(5), 675-684.[Abstract]
  • Magdol, L., Moffitt, T.E., Caspi, A., Newman, D.L., Fagan, J., & Silva, P.A. (1997). Gender differences in partner violence in a birth cohort of 21-year-olds: Bridging the gap between clinical and epidemiological approaches. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(1), 68-78.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • McCauley, J., Kern, D.E., Kolodner, K., Dill, L., Schroeder, A.F., DeChant, H.K., et al. (1997). Clinical characteristics of women with a history of childhood abuse: Unhealed wounds. Journal of the American Medical Association, 277(17), 1362-1368.[CrossRef]
  • O'Leary, K.D. (1999). Psychological abuse: A variable deserving critical attention in domestic violence. Violence and Victims, 14(1), 3-23.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • O'Leary, K.D., Barling, J., Arias, I., Rosenbaum, A., Malone, J., & Tyree, A. (1989). Prevalence and stability of physical aggression between spouses: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57(2), 263-268.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • O'Leary, K. D., & Maiuro, R. D. (Eds.). (2001). Psychological abuse in violent domestic relationships. New York: Springer.
  • Saltzman, L.E., Green, Y.T., Marks, J.S., & Thacker, S.B. (2000). Violence against women as a public health issue: Comments from the CDC. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 19(4), 325-329.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Saunders, D.G. (1986). When battered women use violence: Husband-abuse or self-defense? Violence and Victims, 1(1), 47-60.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Schafer, J., Caetano, R., & Clark, C. (2002). Agreement about violence in U.S. couples. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17, 457-470.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Schumacher, J.A., Slep, A.M.S., & Heyman, R.E. (2001). Risk factors for male-to-female partner psychological abuse. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6(2-3), 255-268.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Statistics Canada. (2005). Family violence in Canada: A statistical profile 2005 (No. 85-224-XIE). Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics.
  • Stover, C.S. (2005). Domestic violence research: What have we learned and where do we go from here? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(4), 448-454.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Straus, M. (2005). The Conflict Tactics Scales. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
  • Straus, M., & Gelles, R. (1990). Physical violence in American families. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
  • Straus, M.A., Hamby, S.L., Boney-McCoy, S., & Sugarman, D.B. (1996). The revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). Journal of Family Issues, 17(3), 283-316.[Abstract]
  • Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Full report of the prevalence, incidence, and consequences of violence against women: Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey (No. NCJ 183781). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
  • Tolman, R.M. (2001). The validation of the Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory. In K. D. O'Leary & R. D. Maiuro (Eds.), Psychological abuse in violent domestic relations (pp. 47-59). New York: Springer.
  • Vest, J.R., Catlin, T.K., Chen, J.J., & Brownson, R.C. (2002). Multistate analysis of factors associated with intimate partner violence. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 22(3), 156-164.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Walsh-Kelly, C.M., & Strait, R. (1998). Impact of violence and the emergency department response to victims and perpetrator. Issues and protocols. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 45(2), 449-457.
  • Waltermaurer, E. (2005). Measuring intimate partner violence (IPV): You may only get what you ask for. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(4), 501-506.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • World Health Organization. (2005). WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence against women. Available from http://www.who.int/gender/violence/who_multicountry_study/en/index.html

Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 22, No. 12, 1495-1514 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0886260507306566
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?



This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (1)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Romans, S.
Right arrow Articles by Hyman, I.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Romans, S.
Right arrow Articles by Hyman, I.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?