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Journal of Interpersonal Violence
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Subjective Effect of September 11, 2001 Among Pregnant Women

Is Cumulative History of Interpersonal Violence Important?

Marilyn W. Lewis

Ohio State University, lewis.998{at}osu.edu

Paul K. Cavanagh

Seton Hall University

Grace Ahn

Asian Pacific Counseling and Treatment Centers

Marianne R. Yoshioka

Columbia University

Prior history of trauma may sensitize individuals to subsequent trauma, including terrorist attacks. Using a convenience sample of secondary, cross-sectional data, pregnant women were grouped based on lifetime interpersonal violence history. Cumulative risk theory was used to evaluate the association of lifetime interpersonal violence history and subjective impact of the September 11, 2001 (9/11) terrorists attacks. Using hierarchical linear regression, cumulative risk theory was partially supported. Women with a history of only one type of interpfersonal violence reported greater effect of 9/11 than did women without a history, but women with both types of violence did not report a greater effect of 9/11 compared to women endorsing history of one type. These data corroborate the literature in that level of exposure to terrorist-related trauma predicts subjective reaction to the attacks. Future research with a larger sample and standardized instruments is warranted.

Key Words: terrorist attack • pregnant women • interpersonal violence

This version was published on June 1, 2008

Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 23, No. 6, 780-797 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0886260507313948
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