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Journal of Interpersonal Violence
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The Impact of Sexual Assault History and Relationship Context on Appraisal of and Responses to Acquaintance Sexual Assault Risk

Carol Vanzile-Tamsen

Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, ctamsen{at}ria.buffalo.edu

Maria Testa

Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo

Jennifer A. Livingston

Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo

Although a major predictor of sexual victimization is previous victimization, the mechanism underlying this effect is not well understood. Sexual assault history’s impact on appraisal of and responses to sexual assault risk was examined in an experimental analog study. Intimacy with perpetrator was also examined as a potential contributor to appraisal and responses. Young women varying in sexual assault history were randomly assigned to receive a scenario in which type of perpetrator was manipulated (someone just met, friend, date, boyfriend). Respondents appraised the man’s actions as sexual interest or assault and indicated intentions to respond (resistance and nonresistance). Sexual assault history did not directly influence appraisal or intended responses but had modest indirect effects on resistance via sexual assertiveness. The primary influence on appraisal and responses was perpetrator intimacy. Women facing advances within a more intimate relationship were less likely to appraise those advances as threatening and less likely to resist.

Key Words: sexual assault risk • risk appraisal • acquaintance rape • rape • perpetration • resistance • assertiveness

Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 20, No. 7, 813-832 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0886260505276071
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