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Cross-Validation of the Self-Appraisal Questionnaire (SAQ)

An Offender Risk and Need Assessment Measure on Australian, British, Canadian, Singaporean, and American Offenders

Anita Cumbleton

Queen’s University

Ariana Shahinfar

La Salle University

Lee Hong Neo

Prison Department of Singapore

Maggie Evans

HMP Long Lartin

Michael Conley

Warren Correctional Institution

Roger Summers

Department of Justice of Western Australia

The Self-Appraisal Questionnaire (SAQ) is a 72-item self-report measure designed to predict violent and nonviolent recidivism among adult criminal offenders. The results from using samples from Australia, Canada, England, Singapore, and two samples from the United States (North Carolina and Pennsylvania) indicated that (a) the SAQ has sound psychometric properties, with acceptable reliability and concurrent validity for assessing recidivism and institutional adjustment; (b) there were nosignificant differences among the scores of the White, African American, Hispanic, and Aboriginal Australian offenders on the SAQ; (c) there were no significant differences among offenders who completed the SAQ for research purposes versus offenders who completed it as part of a decision-making process. Results provided support for the validity of the SAQ to be used with the culturally diverse offenders involved in this research and provided further evidence that contradicts concerns that the SAQ as a self-report measure may be susceptible to lying, and self-presentation biases.

Key Words: predicting violence • recidivism • Self-Appraisal Questionnaire (SAQ) • correctional and forensic populations

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