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The Impact of Subjective and Expressed Anger on the Functioning of Psychiatric Outpatients With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Brown University

Michael A. Posternak

Brown University

Mark Zimmerman

Brown University

Research has shown that anger may be related to the development and maintenance of post-traumaticstress disorder (PTSD). This study investigates the impact of anger on patients withPTSD in a general psychiatric population. Participants diagnosed with PTSD were groupedaccording to current levels of subjective and inappropriately expressed anger: (a) low subjectiveand expressed anger; (b) elevated subjective anger and low expressed anger; (c) low subjectiveanger and elevated expressed anger; and (d) elevated subjective and expressed anger. It washypothesized that participants reporting elevated levels of subjective anger coupled with recentovert expression would be more impaired and distressed than individuals with PTSD in the otheranger groups, after comorbid diagnoses were controlled. The elevated subjective and expressedanger group was more impaired/distressed on global measures and their elevated anger affectedsome measures of behavioral functioning. Findings are discussed in light of the literature onanger and PTSD.

Key Words: anger • PTSD • subjective anger • expressed anger • SCID

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