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Journal of Interpersonal Violence
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Women's Responses to Battering Over Time

An Analysis of Change

JACQUELYN C. CAMPBELL

Johns Hopkins University

KAREN L. SOEKEN

University of Maryland

A community volunteer sample of 98 battered women was interviewed using a combination of established instruments and in-depth questions over three points in time during a period of 31/2 years. An ANOVA change analysis approach was used, dividing the women into three approximately equal groups according to abuse status. Groups 1 and 2, women who indicated a change from abuse to nonabuse status, reported significantly better health as compared to women reporting abuse at all three times. In contrast, depression decreased for all 3 groups from Time 1 to Time 2, with a significant increase at Time 3 with no effect of abuse status. Self-esteem in non-African American women had a similar trajectory. However, for African American women, the means in both self-esteem and self-care agency increased across all three times, regardless of abuse. Depression trajectories also differed between African American and non-African American women.

Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 14, No. 1, 21-40 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/088626099014001002
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